From the earliest humans to Claudius Ptolemaeus, Galileo Galilei, George Ellery Hale, Edwin Hubble to Geoffery Marcy; the study/science of astronomy and the night sky has always attempted to decipher the sun, the moon and the planets but also our place as humans, within the cosmos.

Johannes Hevelius

Portrait by Daniel Schultz
Born

28 January 1611

Danzig, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Died

28 January 1687 (aged 76),

Danzig, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Alma mater Leiden University
Known for Lunar topography
Selenographia by Hevelius, JohannesSelenographia by Hevelius, Johannes
Machinæ coelestis Vol I by Johannes HeveliusMachinæ coelestis Vol I by Johannes Hevelius
Machinæ coelestis Vol II by Johannes HeveliusMachinæ coelestis Vol II by Johannes Hevelius
The illustrated account given by Hevelius in his “Machina celestis of the method of mounting his telescopes and erecting an observatoryThe illustrated account given by Hevelius in his “Machina celestis of the method of mounting his telescopes and erecting an observatory
Johannis Hevelii Epistolae 4Johannis Hevelii Epistolae 4
Handschrift des SterncatalogsHandschrift des Sterncatalogs
Cosmos : essai d’une description physique du monde Vol I by Alexander von HumboldtCosmos : essai d’une description physique du monde Vol I by Alexander von Humboldt
Cosmos : essai d’une description physique du monde Vol IICosmos : essai d’une description physique du monde Vol II
Cosmos : essai d’une description physique du monde Vol III by Alexander von HumboldtCosmos : essai d’une description physique du monde Vol III by Alexander von Humboldt
Cosmos : essai d’une description physique du monde Vol IV by Alexander von HumboldtCosmos : essai d’une description physique du monde Vol IV by Alexander von Humboldt
Cosmos : a sketch of a physical description of the universe Vol ICosmos : a sketch of a physical description of the universe Vol I
Cosmos : a sketch of a physical description of the universe Vol IICosmos : a sketch of a physical description of the universe Vol II
Cosmos : a sketch of a physical description of the universe Vol IIICosmos : a sketch of a physical description of the universe Vol III
Cosmos : a sketch of a physical description of the universe Vol IVCosmos : a sketch of a physical description of the universe Vol IV
Cosmos : a sketch of a physical description of the universe Vol VCosmos : a sketch of a physical description of the universe Vol V
Life of Alexander von Humboldt Vol ILife of Alexander von Humboldt Vol I
Life of Alexander von Humboldt Vol IILife of Alexander von Humboldt Vol II
Traité de mécanique céleste Vol I by Laplace, Pierre SimonTraité de mécanique céleste Vol I by Laplace, Pierre Simon
Traité de mécanique céleste Vol II by Pierre Simon LaplaceTraité de mécanique céleste Vol II by Pierre Simon Laplace
Exposition du systême du monde Vol I by Pierre Simon LaplaceExposition du systême du monde Vol I by Pierre Simon Laplace
Exposition du systême du monde Vol II by Pierre Simon LaplaceExposition du systême du monde Vol II by Pierre Simon Laplace
Exposition du systême du monde Vol I by Pierre Simon LaplaceExposition du systême du monde Vol I by Pierre Simon Laplace
A philosophical essay on probabilitiesA philosophical essay on probabilities
The system of the world Vol IThe system of the world Vol I
The system of the world Vol IIThe system of the world Vol II
Mécanique céleste Vol I English TranslationMécanique céleste Vol I English Translation
Mécanique céleste Vol II English TranslationMécanique céleste Vol II English Translation
Mécanique céleste Vol III English TranslationMécanique céleste Vol III English Translation
Mécanique céleste Vol IV English TranslationMécanique céleste Vol IV English Translation
Johannes Kepler

Portrait of Kepler by an unknown artist in 1620.
Born

27 December 1571

Free Imperial City of Weil der Stadt, Holy Roman Empire
Died

15 November 1630 (aged 58)

Education Tübinger Stift, University of Tübingen (M.A., 1591)[1]
Known for Kepler’s laws of planetary motion
Kepler conjecture
Rudolphine Tables
Scientific career
Fields Astronomy, astrology, mathematics, natural philosophy
Doctoral advisor Michael Maestlin
Influences Nicolaus Copernicus
Tycho Brahe
Pythagoras
Influenced Sir Isaac Newton
Benoit Mandelbrot
Thomas Browne
Signature
Astronomia nova aitiologetos by Johannes KeplerAstronomia nova aitiologetos by Johannes Kepler
Prodromus dissertationvm cosmographicarvm by Johannes KeplerProdromus dissertationvm cosmographicarvm by Johannes Kepler
Dissertatio cum Nvncio sidereo nuper ad mortales misso by Johannes KeplerDissertatio cum Nvncio sidereo nuper ad mortales misso by Johannes Kepler
Tychonis Brahei Dani Hyperaspistes by Johannes KeplerTychonis Brahei Dani Hyperaspistes by Johannes Kepler
De niue sexangula by  Johannes KeplerDe niue sexangula by Johannes Kepler
Tabulae Rudolphinae by Johannes KeplerTabulae Rudolphinae by Johannes Kepler
Epitome astronomiae copernicanae Vol I by Johannes KeplerEpitome astronomiae copernicanae Vol I by Johannes Kepler
Epitome astronomiae copernicanae Vol II by Johannes KeplerEpitome astronomiae copernicanae Vol II by Johannes Kepler
An account of the astronomical discoveries of Kepler By Robert SmallAn account of the astronomical discoveries of Kepler By Robert Small
The Illustrated On The Shoulders Of Giants  by STEPHEN HAWKINGThe Illustrated On The Shoulders Of Giants by STEPHEN HAWKING
Kepler by Walter William BryantKepler by Walter William Bryant
Johannes Kepler And The New AstronomyJohannes Kepler And The New Astronomy
Six Great Astronomers by Crowther, J. GSix Great Astronomers by Crowther, J. G
Natalis DurretNatalis Durret
The martyrs of science; or, The lives of Galileo, Tycho Brahe, and KeplerThe martyrs of science; or, The lives of Galileo, Tycho Brahe, and Kepler
Nicolaus Copernicus

The
Born

19 February 1473

Died

24 May 1543 (aged 70)

Frauenburg, Warmia, Royal Prussia, Poland
Education
Known for
Scientific career
Fields
  • Astronomy
  • Canon law
  • Economics
  • Mathematics
  • Medicine
  • Politics
Academic advisors Domenico Maria Novara da Ferrara
Influences
Influenced Johannes Kepler
Signature
Nicolai Copernici … De revolvtioni bus orbium coelestiumNicolai Copernici … De revolvtioni bus orbium coelestium
Astronomia instaurataAstronomia instaurata
The gradual acceptance of the Copernican theory of the universe by Dorothy StimsonThe gradual acceptance of the Copernican theory of the universe by Dorothy Stimson
Figure de sistemi del mondo d’Aristotile, Copernico, e TiconeFigure de sistemi del mondo d’Aristotile, Copernico, e Ticone
The Illustrated On The Shoulders Of Giants  by STEPHEN HAWKINGThe Illustrated On The Shoulders Of Giants by STEPHEN HAWKING
Nicolaus Copernicus: Making The Earth A Planet  by Owen Gingerich, James Mac LachlanNicolaus Copernicus: Making The Earth A Planet by Owen Gingerich, James Mac Lachlan
parallaxi orbis annuiparallaxi orbis annui
De revolutionibus orbium cœlestiumDe revolutionibus orbium cœlestium
Guilielmi Blaeu Institutio astronomica de usu globorum et sphaerarum caelestium ac terrestriumGuilielmi Blaeu Institutio astronomica de usu globorum et sphaerarum caelestium ac terrestrium
Siderevs nvncivsSiderevs nvncivs
Dialogo di Galileo Galilei linceo matematico supremoDialogo di Galileo Galilei linceo matematico supremo
Opere di Galileo GalileiOpere di Galileo Galilei
Dialogo di Galileo Galilei Linceo matematico sopraordinario dello stvdio di PisaDialogo di Galileo Galilei Linceo matematico sopraordinario dello stvdio di Pisa
Dialogues concerning two new sciencesDialogues concerning two new sciences
The sidereal messenger of Galileo GalileiThe sidereal messenger of Galileo Galilei
Galileo Galilei and the Roman Curia by Karl von  GeblerGalileo Galilei and the Roman Curia by Karl von Gebler
Dialogo de Cecco di RonchittiDialogo de Cecco di Ronchitti
The Illustrated On The Shoulders Of Giants  by STEPHEN HAWKINGThe Illustrated On The Shoulders Of Giants by STEPHEN HAWKING
The martyrs of science; or, The lives of Galileo, Tycho Brahe, and KeplerThe martyrs of science; or, The lives of Galileo, Tycho Brahe, and Kepler
Galileo Galilei  by James Mac LachlanGalileo Galilei by James Mac Lachlan
Life of Galileo Galilei: with illustrations of the advancement of experimental philosophy by Bethune, John Elliot DrinkwaterLife of Galileo Galilei: with illustrations of the advancement of experimental philosophy by Bethune, John Elliot Drinkwater
Memorials of Galileo Galilei, 1564-1642Memorials of Galileo Galilei, 1564-1642
Galileo by Bryant, Walter WGalileo by Bryant, Walter W
Galileo and his judges by  Wegg-Prosser, Francis RichardGalileo and his judges by Wegg-Prosser, Francis Richard
Galileo, his life and work by Fahie, John JosephGalileo, his life and work by Fahie, John Joseph
Galileo and his condemnation by Hull, Ernest ReginaldGalileo and his condemnation by Hull, Ernest Reginald
The private life of GalileoThe private life of Galileo
Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre
Born

19 September 1749

Amiens, France
Died

19 August 1822 (aged 72)

Paris, France
Nationality French
Scientific career
Fields Astronomy
Doctoral advisor Jérôme Lalande
Doctoral students Gerard Moll
Signature
Tables astronomiquesTables astronomiques
Histoire de l’astronomie ancienneHistoire de l’astronomie ancienne
Histoire de l’astronomie moderneHistoire de l’astronomie moderne
Tycho Brahe

Portrait of Tycho Brahe at age 50, c. 1596, wearing the Order of the Elephant
Born
Tyge Ottesen Brahe

14 December 1546

Died

24 October 1601 (aged 54)

Nationality Danish
Alma mater University of Copenhagen
Leipzig University
University of Rostock
Occupation Astronomer, writer
Known for Tychonic system
Tycho’s supernova
Rudolphine Tables
Variation
Spouse Kirsten Barbara Jørgensdatter
Children 8
Parent(s) Otte Brahe
Beate Clausdatter Bille
Signature
Learned: Tico Brahae, his astronomicall coniectur, of the new and much admired [star] which appered in the year 1572Learned: Tico Brahae, his astronomicall coniectur, of the new and much admired [star] which appered in the year 1572
Tychonis Brahe Astronomiæ instauratæ mechanicaTychonis Brahe Astronomiæ instauratæ mechanica
Meteorologiske dagbogMeteorologiske dagbog
Operum primitias De nova stellaOperum primitias De nova stella
Tychonis Brahe Dani Epistolarvm astronomicarvm libriTychonis Brahe Dani Epistolarvm astronomicarvm libri
Opera omnia Vol IOpera omnia Vol I
Opera omnia Vol IIOpera omnia Vol II
Opera omnia Vol IIIOpera omnia Vol III
Opera omnia Vol IVOpera omnia Vol IV
Opera omnia Vol VOpera omnia Vol V
Opera omnia Vol VIOpera omnia Vol VI
Opera omnia Vol VIIOpera omnia Vol VII
Opera omnia Vol VIIIOpera omnia Vol VIII
Opera omnia Vol IXOpera omnia Vol IX
Opera omnia Vol XOpera omnia Vol X
Opera omnia Vol XIOpera omnia Vol XI
Opera omnia Vol XIIOpera omnia Vol XII
Opera omnia Vol XIIIOpera omnia Vol XIII
Opera omnia Vol XVOpera omnia Vol XV
Tycho Brahe; a picture of scientific life and work in the sixteenth century by John Louis Emil DreyerTycho Brahe; a picture of scientific life and work in the sixteenth century by John Louis Emil Dreyer
The martyrs of science : or, The lives of Galileo, Tycho Brahe, and KeplerThe martyrs of science : or, The lives of Galileo, Tycho Brahe, and Kepler
Great astronomers by Robert Stawell BallGreat astronomers by Robert Stawell Ball
Figure de sistemi del mondo d’Aristotile, Copernico, e TiconeFigure de sistemi del mondo d’Aristotile, Copernico, e Ticone
Six Great Astronomers by Crowther, J. GSix Great Astronomers by Crowther, J. G
The martyrs of science; or, The lives of Galileo, Tycho Brahe, and KeplerThe martyrs of science; or, The lives of Galileo, Tycho Brahe, and Kepler